Given that the process of sustainable development in a nation largely relies on the advancement of infrastructure and the essential foundations for growth, and acknowledging that one of the crucial infrastructures for development in any region is the expansion of communication routes and transportation, the central focus of this research is to analyze the programs and executive records of the Pahlavi II government regarding the development of the nation’s communication infrastructure and rail and road transportation, based on the five development plans of this administration. This study utilizes document and statistical analysis methods to address this issue. The findings of this research show that throughout all five development plans during the Pahlavi II era, the communication infrastructure sector was consistently prioritized, though this focus was never adequate to satisfy the actual needs of the country in this domain. The focus on this sector varied across different plans, and while the overall outcomes of these programs were nearly aligned with the expected goals by the conclusion of the five development plans, challenges such as budget deficits, insufficient recognition of the importance of communication infrastructure by the responsible authorities, political and economic crises, and the accumulation of delays from one program to another resulted in some of these projects in the communication infrastructure and road construction areas being unfinished, slow, and unsuccessful during this period.