After World War II, Iran, due to its unique geopolitical position, became the focus of the victorious powers and the capitalist world led by the United States. Iran’s proximity to the Soviet Union, regarded as the greatest threat to the global capitalist system, further underscored its strategic importance. The overarching policy of the West, under American leadership, was centered on preventing the spread of communism, which was deemed essential for safeguarding Western interests in Iran and the Middle East. In this context, the convergence of interests between the United States, as the leader of the capitalist world, and the Pahlavi regime, as a pro-Western government, paved the way for the provision of U.S. economic and technical assistance to Iran. These aids functioned as a powerful tool for shaping Iran’s political structures and sustaining Western capitalist influence in the country.

This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on documentary sources, seeks to answer the question: What were the effects and consequences of U.S. technical and economic assistance on the economic, political, and social policymaking of the Pahlavi regime during the Second Pahlavi era? The findings of the research reveal that U.S. financial and technical assistance, which initially aimed to curb Soviet communist influence, eventually became an instrument for promoting American culture and policies in Iran. American experts and technical programs played a key role in transferring knowledge, technical skills, and in training a generation of managers and officials aligned with Western policies.