The Nature and Organization of Hezbollah Group (1967- 1972)
mohsen
beheshti seresht
Associate Professor at Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran
author
alireza
mohseni abolkhairi
Ph.D. Student of the Islamic Revolution's History Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In the study of history of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, it is important to examine and analyze institutions, groups and religious-political organizations that were involved in the process of the revolution. Among the disciplined organizations, there were also some militant Islamist groups. One of such groups was Hezbollah. This group was formed in 1967 in Tehran and was split in 1971 and finally while it was active in Tehran and several other cities it collapsed in 1972 with mass arrest of its members by the SAVAK. The present article employs descriptive and analytical method to provide answer to the following question: What was nature and structure of Hezbollah Group?" Hezbollah as immediate successor of Islamic Nations Party, looked for creating a transnational Islamic state through International Islamic Revolution based on armed struggle. In accordance with its strategy and policy, it adopted hierarchical organization. The group’s recruiting process in line with its organizational structure was not based a minimum knowledge of members of each other. In the educational program of Hezbollah, theoretical training (political and religious) was qualitatively and quantitatively more than military training. Lack of proper explanation of its ideological orientations in a coherent text was one of the greatest weaknesses of Hezbollah.
ZHARFAPAZHOOH
Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution
2588-3496
دوره سوم
v.
8-9
no.
2017
9
48
https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_41614_444ee1e49ea7bafac1e8e3f26174d07b.pdf
The Challenges of the Second the Parliament Elections and Positions of Imam Khomeini
hamid
basirat manesh
Assistant Professor of the History of the Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran
author
mina
avanj
Master of History of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Election for the second Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament) was held in different circumstances with the previous period. Liberal forces gradually left the political structure and hence the parliamentary election was only contested by forces that were known as the Line of the Imam. People thought that by unification of the candidates, the political environment is protected from any challenge, but the conditions changed. A while before the second round of parliamentary elections,
the seeds of disagreement and the challenge spread among them. Gradually the two factions known as the "left" and "right" of the religious forces emerge. Therefore, the parliamentary elections were not held in absolute peace and harmony.One of the features of the parliamentary election was the leading presence of Imam Khomeini
He was well aware of the atmosphere of the elections and the formation of new conflicts. So he tried to reduce the negative impact of these factions. Since he attached particular importance to the democratic aspect of the system, he prevented different factions from taking people’s right to elect from them.
This study aims to present a descriptive approach to identify and investigate Imam Khomeini's positions on Parliament's election challenges and political conflicts. The main question of this research is: What challenges and conflicts during the second parliamentary elections surfaced and what were the positions of Imam Khomeini the Leader of the Islamic Revolution to conduct elections and manage political processes.
ZHARFAPAZHOOH
Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution
2588-3496
دوره سوم
v.
8-9
no.
2017
49
74
https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_41615_892c5e2865a2ddc891262df8a0f0c7fb.pdf
Tracing the Process of Encounter of Alam’s Cabinet with the 1963 Crisis from March 22, 1962 to June 3, 1963
Mozafar
shahedi
Ph.D. Student in the History of the Islamic Revolution, Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Although the main purpose of the 1962 Referendum was to legalize the reforms called the White Revolution, the opposition continued even after the referendum was held. In the meantime, Islamist opponents of the regime, who were led by Ayatollah Khomeini, from March 1963, were preparing themselves to confront the government more seriously. From March to June 1963, the Pahlavi regime through terror, unfounded promises and rumors tried to sow the seeds of discord among Ulama and Islamists, threatened the opponents, increased the threats by intelligence and law enforcement organizations and police forces and also pretended to be an advocate of religion by supporting the clerics and preachers who supported the regime to prevent the spread of opposition. But it did not succeed, especially, because of the determination and open opposition of Ayatollah Ayatollah Khomeini to the regime and hence oppositions gained momentum. Therefore, in the mid of the month of Muharram, social and political crisis became so threatening that the government had to forcefully suppress the dissidents.
ZHARFAPAZHOOH
Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution
2588-3496
دوره سوم
v.
8-9
no.
2017
75
105
https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_41616_a4a1e09d0385c17e9bc27bd7ca3d90a3.pdf
Health Corps and Expansion of Healthcare in Iran: Case Study of Period 1966-1971
FARHAD
SAHAMI
PhD Student, Islamic Revolution History University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
author
samaneh
karamian boldaji
Graduate student of Islamic Revolution History, Imam Khomeini Research Center and Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Health condition was not good in Iran from nineteenth to early twentieth century and people were afflicted with many problems in health, treatment and livelihood. The condition was even worse in the rural and remote areas in contrast with urban areas. The literary and income levels had adverse effects on Iranian nation’s health. All of these conditions prepared the grounds for the establishment of health corps. Nevertheless, political reasons for the establishment of this corps should be also taken into consideration. However, the health corps improved the health condition and people in remote places gained access to the healthcare services provided by this newly established institution. Analytical-descriptive method has been applied and primary as well secondary sources have been used to study the impacts of the health corps on the general health condition of the people during the Pahlavi period. The findings of this study show that after a while this institution lost its main function and turned into propagation tool.
ZHARFAPAZHOOH
Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution
2588-3496
دوره سوم
v.
8-9
no.
2017
107
133
https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_41617_4e77f6cb8b58c0549a536d8705e7f6ae.pdf
Factors behind Inefficiency of Coup on the Threshold of Islamic Revolution of Iran
hossin
rahbarian
Master of Science in Islamic History of Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
hasan
zandiyeh
Assistant Professor of History, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
From the time Mohammad Reza Pahlavi left Iran to the victory of the revolution on February 11, 1979, the idea of military coup, led by the US and the Shah, against the provisional government took shape in different conditions. These options come to the fore in different circumstances the US administration hesitated about the coup for fear of Soviet intervention and influence of communism as well as the ineffectiveness of their military advisors in Iran. However, the US administration was spreading rumors about the coup and if possible would engineer it as the last resort. The Shah and some of the military officers lost the initiative because of their dependence on the US and mutual mistrust between the army and the Shah and the government the Shah’s heedlessness to the army lower ranks. Thus the army lower ranks gradually joined the revolution and fear of the army officers were fearful of the failure of the coup and hence lost any initiative. In the meantime the role of Imam Khomeini was very effective in the leadership of the Islamic Revolution and hence any coup plan was nipped in the bud. The purpose of this research is to study the internal and external origins of the coup as well as the objectives and conditions of those who tried to engineer the coups and factors behind their failure on the threshold of Iran's Islamic Revolution.
ZHARFAPAZHOOH
Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution
2588-3496
دوره سوم
v.
8-9
no.
2017
135
150
https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_41618_67ea97529884cadda3dd72640ad977dd.pdf
Impacts of peace and peaceful coexistence on Recreation of Islamic Revivalist Movements with special emphasis on Imam Khomeini Viewpoints
aliakbar
jafari
Associate Professor, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
author
azimeh
apayndeh
Master of History of Islamic Iran University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Peace and peaceful coexistence both were among the most important purposes of Prophets, specially Prophet Mohammad who, besides singing some brotherhood pacts with Muslim tribes and the communities as well as the Migrants and Helpers, he also concluded some pacts with the Christian and Jewish communities to consolidate the newly established state in Medina. In the Quran, not only peace and peaceful coexistence do not depend on the ideology, but also Muslims can have constructive relations with different nations; even with the unbeliever groups. Accordingly to Imam Khomeini, invited all groups to peace. From his perspective, victory, authority, independence and prosperity would be the result of unity and solidarity of all groups, tribes and nations and the policy of Islamic Republic is develop fair relations with others based on humanitarian principles. When governments and nations are consent with their rights, then, peace will find its Islamic and humane position. The key to achieve this according to Imam Khomeini is to consider the Quran as the criterion. These teachings introduced Imam Khomeini as a revivalist theoretician of peace and peaceful coexistence and also led to the creation of a set of rules and laws for realization of a society based on peace and peaceful coexistence. The objective of this research is to identify the approach to establishment of Islamic civilization based on peace and peaceful coexistence from the perspective of Imam Khomeini.
This main question of this research is: What is the position of Imam Khomeini about peace and peaceful coexistence and how can it lead to creation of Islamic revivalist movement?
The hypothesis: Imam Khomeini`s command of jurisprudence and his individual inference in understanding and extracting the principals of peaceful coexistence in the Quran, traditions, and his own practical experiences have presented a model for human society that can lead to a movement for establishment of a new Islamic civilization.
Analytical and descriptive method has been employed to study the hypothesis.
ZHARFAPAZHOOH
Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution
2588-3496
دوره سوم
v.
8-9
no.
2017
151
169
https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_41619_dbca4a7344e0f4b0855636291f2b3b9c.pdf